A basic mental model helps frame the approach to modeling in International Futures:

Global human systems consist of classes of agents and larger structures within which those agents interact. Over time agents and the larger structures evolve in processes of mutual influence and determination.

That conceptualization shapes the methodological approach:

At one time global models were categorized as using either econometric or systems dynamics methodologies. IFs draws upon techniques found in both traditions, but reaches beyond them, especially in its structural representations.

Structural representations include cohort-component systems for population; markets for production, exchange, and consumption of goods and service; and social accounting matrices for financial flows.

This emergent IFs methodology is Structure-Based and Agent-Class Driven Modeling.

More detail is available on the manifestation of this modeling approach for the following structural systems of IFs:

• Structure and Agent System: Agriculture
• Structure and Agent System: Demographic
• Structure and Agent System: Economics
• Structure and Agent System: Education
• Structure and Agent System: Energy
• Structure and Agent System: Environment
• Structure and Agent System: Governance
• Structure and Agent System: Health
• Structure and Agent System: Infrastructure
• Structure and Agent System: Interstate Interaction
• Structure and Agent System: Socio-Political